How to Hike Forbes State Forest

Forbes State Forest, nestled in the rugged hills of southwestern Pennsylvania, is one of the most expansive and ecologically rich public lands in the state. Spanning over 160,000 acres across Fayette, Somerset, and Westmoreland Counties, it offers an unparalleled network of trails, historic sites, waterfalls, and panoramic vistas—all accessible to hikers of varying skill levels. Unlike many state parks that prioritize developed amenities, Forbes State Forest preserves a wild, untamed character, making it a sanctuary for those seeking solitude, natural beauty, and immersive outdoor experiences. Hiking here is not just a physical activity; it’s a journey through centuries of ecological change, industrial history, and resilient forest recovery.

Understanding how to hike Forbes State Forest requires more than just picking a trail and heading out. It demands preparation, awareness, and respect for the land’s unique conditions. From navigating unmarked paths to understanding seasonal trail closures, from reading topographic maps to recognizing native wildlife signs, every step matters. This guide is designed to equip you with the knowledge, tools, and mindset needed to safely and meaningfully explore Forbes State Forest—whether you’re a first-time visitor or a seasoned backpacker.

The importance of learning how to hike Forbes State Forest extends beyond personal enjoyment. As one of the largest tracts of public forest land in Pennsylvania, it plays a critical role in regional biodiversity, watershed protection, and carbon sequestration. Responsible hiking helps preserve these ecological functions while ensuring future generations can experience its wild beauty. Moreover, by following established best practices, hikers reduce human impact on fragile habitats, minimize trail erosion, and support conservation efforts led by state agencies and volunteer groups.

This comprehensive tutorial will walk you through every phase of planning and executing a hike in Forbes State Forest. You’ll learn practical steps to choose the right trail, prepare your gear, navigate terrain, respond to emergencies, and leave no trace. We’ll explore real-world examples of successful hikes, review essential tools and digital resources, and answer common questions that arise before, during, and after your journey. By the end of this guide, you won’t just know how to hike Forbes State Forest—you’ll know how to honor it.

Step-by-Step Guide

Step 1: Research and Select Your Trail

Forbes State Forest contains over 300 miles of trails, ranging from short nature walks to multi-day backpacking routes. Before you lace up your boots, identify your goals: Are you seeking a peaceful morning stroll? A challenging ascent with panoramic views? Or a remote overnight adventure? Each objective requires a different trail choice.

Start by visiting the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR) website and downloading the official Forbes State Forest trail map. Pay attention to trail designations: some are marked with blazes (colored paint on trees), while others are unmarked and require GPS navigation. Popular trails include:

• Laurel Highlands Hiking Trail (LHHT): A 70-mile long-distance route that traverses the entire forest. Sections are well-maintained and marked with blue blazes. Ideal for day hikers tackling 5–10 mile segments.
• Mount Davis Trail: Leads to Pennsylvania’s highest point at 3,213 feet. The final ascent is steep and rocky, but the 360-degree view from the summit is unmatched.
• Greenstone Trail: A 12-mile loop through old-growth hemlock stands and past cascading streams. Known for its quiet solitude and rich biodiversity.
• Beaver Run Trail: A moderate 4-mile out-and-back route leading to a secluded waterfall. Best in spring after snowmelt or after heavy rains.

Consider elevation gain, trail surface (rocky, muddy, root-covered), and accessibility. Trails like the LHHT are suitable for experienced hikers due to elevation changes and remote sections. Beginners should start with shorter, well-marked paths like the Bear Run Trail near the visitor center at the Forbes State Forest Headquarters.

Step 2: Check Conditions and Permits

Unlike state parks, Forbes State Forest does not charge entrance fees, but certain activities require awareness of seasonal restrictions. Always check the DCNR’s official alerts page before departure. In late winter and early spring, trails near streams and low-lying areas may be flooded or icy. In autumn, fallen leaves can obscure trail markers, and hunters are active in designated zones—typically from October through January.

While no permit is required for day hiking, overnight camping requires a free permit obtained through the DCNR’s online system. Campsites are primitive—no water, electricity, or restrooms—so plan accordingly. Group sizes are limited to 10 people per site, and fires are only permitted in designated fire rings. Always confirm current fire restrictions, especially during dry periods.

Weather in Forbes State Forest is highly variable. Temperatures can drop 15–20°F lower than in nearby towns due to elevation. Even in summer, mornings at higher elevations can be chilly. Check forecasts for both your departure point and the trailhead using the National Weather Service’s mountain-specific forecasts.

Step 3: Prepare Your Gear

Proper gear is non-negotiable in Forbes State Forest. Unlike urban trails, rescue services are limited, and cell service is spotty or nonexistent in many areas. Your pack should include:

• Navigation tools: A physical topographic map (USGS 7.5-minute series) and a compass. GPS devices and smartphone apps are helpful backups, but batteries die and signals fail.
• Layered clothing: Moisture-wicking base layer, insulating mid-layer (fleece or down), and waterproof outer shell. Avoid cotton—it retains moisture and increases risk of hypothermia.
• Footwear: Sturdy, broken-in hiking boots with ankle support and aggressive tread. Trail runners are acceptable for dry conditions on marked paths, but not recommended for rocky or wet sections.
• Hydration and nutrition: Carry at least 2 liters of water per person. A filtration system (e.g., Sawyer Squeeze or Katadyn BeFree) is essential for refilling from streams. Pack high-calorie snacks: nuts, dried fruit, energy bars, and jerky.
• Emergency kit: First aid supplies (blister care, antiseptic, tweezers), emergency blanket, whistle, headlamp with extra batteries, fire starter (waterproof matches or lighter), and a multi-tool.
• Other essentials: Sunscreen, insect repellent (ticks are prevalent), trash bag (pack out everything), and a small notebook with trail notes.

For overnight trips, add a lightweight tent, sleeping bag rated for 30°F or lower, sleeping pad, and a portable stove. Never rely on open fires for cooking—gas stoves are safer and leave no trace.

Step 4: Plan Your Route and Share It

Even experienced hikers get lost in Forbes State Forest when they underestimate its complexity. The forest’s dense canopy, lack of cell coverage, and overlapping trail systems can disorient even seasoned outdoorspeople.

Before leaving, plot your route using Google Earth or Gaia GPS with the DCNR trail layers enabled. Note key landmarks: trail junctions, water sources, elevation changes, and potential bailout points. Print a copy of your route and carry it in a waterproof case.

Share your itinerary with someone reliable: your planned trail, start time, expected return time, and emergency contact. Set a check-in time—if you don’t check in by your designated window, they should notify authorities. This simple step has saved countless lives in remote wilderness areas.

Step 5: Begin Your Hike with Intention

Start your hike at a steady pace. Rushing increases the risk of injury and reduces your ability to notice trail markers or wildlife signs. As you enter the forest, take a moment to observe your surroundings. Listen for birds, note the scent of pine and damp earth, and watch for animal tracks in mud or snow.

Stay on marked trails. Cutting switchbacks or creating new paths accelerates erosion and damages root systems. In Forbes State Forest, trails were carved over decades by conservationists and volunteers—respect their work.

Use trail markers effectively. Blue blazes indicate the Laurel Highlands Trail. White blazes are for secondary trails. Unmarked trails may be old logging roads or unofficial paths—avoid unless you’re highly experienced and equipped with GPS.

Take breaks at designated overlooks or rest areas. Use these moments to hydrate, eat, and reassess your route. If you’re unsure of your location, stop, consult your map, and reorient before continuing.

Step 6: Navigate Challenging Terrain

Forbes State Forest features steep inclines, rocky outcrops, stream crossings, and muddy sections. Here’s how to handle them safely:

• Steep ascents: Use a zigzag pattern to reduce strain on knees. Plant your trekking poles firmly and lean slightly forward.
• Rocky sections: Test each step before committing your weight. Look for stable, flat stones. Avoid moss-covered rocks—they’re extremely slippery.
• Stream crossings: Face upstream and use your poles for balance. Unbuckle your hip belt so you can quickly shed your pack if you fall. Cross at the widest, shallowest point. Never cross during or after heavy rain.
• Mud and wet roots: Step on logs or rocks when possible. If you must walk through mud, plant your heel first and roll forward to avoid slipping.

If you encounter downed trees or blocked paths, do not attempt to climb over or push through dense brush. Instead, backtrack to the last junction and consult your map for an alternate route. Forcing your way through can damage vegetation and increase your risk of injury.

Step 7: End Your Hike Responsibly

As you approach your endpoint, resist the urge to rush. Finish with the same mindfulness you began with. Take a moment to reflect on your experience and note any observations—wildlife sightings, trail conditions, weather changes—that could help others.

Perform a final gear check: ensure you’ve collected all trash, including food wrappers and tissue. Pack out everything you brought in. Even biodegradable items like apple cores or orange peels can disrupt local wildlife behavior and attract animals to trails.

If you camped overnight, leave your site cleaner than you found it. Scatter ashes from fire rings, refill any disturbed soil, and replace rocks or logs to their original positions. Never leave food scraps or human waste behind.

Finally, report your return to the person who was tracking your trip. If you encountered trail damage, signage issues, or invasive species, consider reporting them to the DCNR via their online feedback form. Your input helps maintain the forest for others.

Best Practices

Leave No Trace Principles

Forbes State Forest thrives because of the collective commitment of hikers to preserve its natural state. Adhering to the Leave No Trace (LNT) Seven Principles is not optional—it’s essential.

1. Plan Ahead and Prepare: Know regulations, weather, and terrain. Bring the right gear to avoid last-minute compromises that harm the environment.
2. Travel and Camp on Durable Surfaces: Stick to established trails and campsites. Avoid trampling vegetation, especially in meadows or near water sources.
3. Dispose of Waste Properly: Pack out all trash, including food scraps and hygiene products. Use catholes (6–8 inches deep, 200 feet from water) for human waste if no facilities exist.
4. Leave What You Find: Do not pick flowers, carve trees, or collect rocks or antlers. These elements are part of the ecosystem and may be rare or protected.
5. Minimize Campfire Impacts: Use a camp stove instead. If fires are allowed, use existing fire rings, keep fires small, and burn only small sticks collected from the ground.
6. Respect Wildlife: Observe animals from a distance. Never feed them. Store food and trash in bear-resistant containers or hang it at least 10 feet off the ground and 4 feet from tree trunks.
7. Be Considerate of Other Visitors: Yield to uphill hikers. Keep noise levels low. Use headphones for music. Respect solitude—this forest is valued for its quiet.

Trail Etiquette and Safety

Forbes State Forest attracts hikers, hunters, mountain bikers, and equestrians. Mutual respect ensures everyone’s safety and enjoyment.

On narrow trails, hikers going uphill have the right of way. Step aside to let them pass. If you’re biking, announce your presence early with a polite “On your left!” and slow down. Horseback riders have priority over all others—give them wide berth and avoid sudden movements.

Always carry a whistle. Three short blasts is the universal distress signal. If you’re lost, stay put. Moving increases your chances of becoming more disoriented or injured. Use your whistle, reflector, or bright clothing to attract attention.

Never hike alone in remote sections unless you’re highly experienced. If you must, ensure someone knows your route and schedule. Informal solo hiking in unmarked areas is one of the leading causes of search-and-rescue incidents in the forest.

Seasonal Considerations

Each season in Forbes State Forest presents unique challenges and opportunities.

• Spring: Trails are muddy, streams are swollen, and ticks are active. Wear permethrin-treated clothing and perform thorough tick checks after every hike. Wildflowers bloom in April and May—stay on trail to avoid trampling delicate species.
• Summer: High humidity and heat increase dehydration risk. Hike early in the morning. Avoid midday sun exposure. Thunderstorms can roll in quickly—seek shelter before rain begins.
• Fall: Peak foliage occurs late September to mid-October. Trails are crowded. Arrive early to secure parking. Hunters are active—wear blaze orange between October and January, even if not hunting.
• Winter: Snow and ice make trails treacherous. Use traction devices (microspikes) and trekking poles. Daylight hours are short—plan to finish by 4 PM. Hypothermia risk is high; dress in layers and carry emergency insulation.

Wildlife Awareness

Forbes State Forest is home to black bears, white-tailed deer, bobcats, coyotes, and over 200 bird species. Most animals avoid humans, but proper behavior minimizes conflict.

Store all food, toiletries, and trash in odor-proof containers or hang them from a tree at least 10 feet high and 4 feet from the trunk. Never leave food unattended—even a granola bar can train bears to approach campsites.

If you encounter a bear, remain calm. Do not run. Speak calmly and firmly, wave your arms slowly, and back away. Never turn your back. If the bear approaches, make yourself look larger and make loud noises. Carry bear spray if you’re hiking in remote areas—know how to use it before you go.

For ticks, perform a full-body check after every hike. Pay attention to armpits, groin, behind the knees, and scalp. Use fine-tipped tweezers to remove ticks by grasping close to the skin and pulling upward steadily. Monitor for symptoms of Lyme disease (rash, fever, fatigue) in the following weeks.

Tools and Resources

Official DCNR Resources

The Pennsylvania DCNR provides the most reliable, up-to-date information for Forbes State Forest. Their website includes:

• Interactive trail maps with downloadable PDFs
• Real-time trail condition reports
• Camping permit application portal
• Seasonal alerts for closures, fires, and hunting zones
• Guides on wildlife, geology, and forest history

Visit https://www.dcnr.pa.gov/StateForests/Forbes/Pages/default.aspx for official updates.

Mapping and Navigation Tools

While paper maps are essential backups, digital tools enhance route planning and safety:

• Gaia GPS: Offers topographic layers, trail overlays, and offline map downloads. Highly recommended for Forbes State Forest.
• AllTrails: User-submitted trail reviews, photos, and difficulty ratings. Use with caution—some user reports may be outdated.
• USGS Topo Maps: Download free 7.5-minute quadrangle maps for the area. Critical for understanding elevation and water features.
• Google Earth Pro: Use the elevation profile tool to visualize steep sections before you hike.

Trail Guides and Books

Several published guides offer in-depth trail descriptions and historical context:

• “Hiking the Laurel Highlands” by James L. Kavanagh: Comprehensive coverage of the LHHT and surrounding trails.
• “Pennsylvania’s Best Day Hikes” by Robert W. Hutton: Includes Forbes State Forest routes with difficulty ratings and parking instructions.
• “The Appalachian Trail: Pennsylvania” by David Brill: Though focused on the AT, it includes overlap areas with Forbes State Forest trails.

Libraries in Fayette County often carry these titles for free checkout.

Community and Volunteer Groups

Local organizations play a vital role in maintaining trails and offering educational opportunities:

• Laurel Highlands Trail Conservancy: Volunteers maintain the LHHT. They host trail work days and offer guided hikes.
• Forbes State Forest Friends: A nonprofit group that assists with trail signage, invasive species removal, and educational outreach.
• Appalachian Mountain Club (AMC) Pittsburgh Chapter: Offers beginner hikes and navigation workshops.

Joining these groups is an excellent way to learn from experienced hikers, contribute to conservation, and access exclusive trail updates.

Emergency and Communication Tools

Cell service is unreliable in Forbes State Forest. Supplement your communication with:

• Garmin inReach Mini 2: Satellite communicator that allows two-way texting and SOS alerts without cell coverage.
• SPOT Gen4: Personal locator beacon with preset messages and emergency signaling.
• Offline Maps with SOS Features: Apps like Gaia GPS allow you to send your location via SMS if you have intermittent signal.

Always carry a physical whistle and emergency blanket. These low-tech tools are lightweight, reliable, and have saved lives when electronics fail.

Real Examples

Example 1: First-Time Hiker’s Experience on Bear Run Trail

Emma, a 28-year-old office worker from Pittsburgh, had never hiked beyond a local park. She chose the 2.5-mile Bear Run Trail after reading it was “beginner-friendly.” She downloaded the DCNR map, packed water and snacks, and wore athletic sneakers.

Within 30 minutes, her shoes slipped on wet roots, and she twisted her ankle. She had no first aid kit and no way to call for help. A passing hiker with a first aid kit stabilized her and walked her out slowly. Emma later learned that even short trails require proper gear.

Her takeaway: “I thought ‘easy’ meant ‘no preparation.’ I was wrong. Now I always check the trail surface, wear boots, and carry a basic kit—even on short hikes.”

Example 2: Overnight Backpacking on the Laurel Highlands Trail

Mark and Lisa, experienced hikers from Ohio, planned a 3-day backpacking trip on the LHHT. They reserved a permit, packed lightweight gear, and carried a Garmin inReach. On Day 2, heavy rain flooded a stream crossing. They used their map to reroute to a safer ford and camped early.

That night, a black bear approached their camp. They followed protocol: made noise, stood tall, and slowly backed away. No food was lost. They reported the encounter to DCNR the next day.

Mark said: “The forest doesn’t care how tough you think you are. It rewards preparation and humility. We came for the views, but we left with respect.”

Example 3: Volunteer Trail Maintenance Day

James, a retired teacher from Uniontown, joined a Forbes State Forest Friends workday to clear downed trees from the Greenstone Trail. He learned how to use crosscut saws, identify invasive plants like Japanese stiltgrass, and install new trail markers.

“I thought I was just helping,” he said. “But I ended up learning more about the forest’s ecology than I ever did in school. Now I bring my grandkids. They’re learning to love the wild, not just visit it.”

Example 4: Seasonal Challenge – Winter Hike to Mount Davis

During a rare snow-free winter weekend, a group of four hikers attempted Mount Davis in sub-freezing temperatures. They wore cotton pants and no traction devices. Halfway up, two members slipped on ice, spraining ankles.

One hiker activated her inReach device, and rescuers arrived in under two hours. The group was lucky—no one was seriously injured, but they were stranded for six hours.

Post-hike analysis revealed they ignored weather alerts and underestimated elevation effects. “We thought winter meant snow, not ice,” one said. “Now we check the forecast for the summit, not the town.”

FAQs

Do I need a permit to hike in Forbes State Forest?

No permit is required for day hiking. However, overnight camping requires a free permit from the DCNR. Permits are limited to 10 people per site and must be reserved online in advance.

Are dogs allowed on the trails?

Yes, dogs are permitted but must be leashed at all times. This protects wildlife and other hikers. Always clean up after your pet and carry waste bags.

Can I camp anywhere in the forest?

No. Camping is only allowed in designated primitive sites or at least 200 feet from trails and water sources. Random dispersed camping is not permitted. Always obtain a permit and follow posted guidelines.

Is there cell service on the trails?

Cell service is extremely limited. Most trails have no coverage. Rely on satellite communicators or pre-planned check-ins. Do not depend on your phone for navigation or emergencies.

Are there water sources along the trails?

Yes, streams and springs are common, but water must be filtered or boiled before drinking. Never drink untreated water—parasites like giardia are prevalent.

When is the best time to visit?

Spring (April–May) offers wildflowers and flowing streams. Fall (late September–October) provides stunning foliage. Summer is hot and humid. Winter is quiet but requires specialized gear. Avoid peak leaf-peeping weekends if you prefer solitude.

What should I do if I get lost?

Stop immediately. Stay calm. Use your map and compass to reorient. If unsure, stay put. Use your whistle (three blasts) and reflective gear to signal for help. Do not wander further.

Are there restrooms or facilities on the trails?

No. All trails are primitive. Use catholes for waste (6–8 inches deep, 200 feet from water). Pack out all hygiene products.

Can I hike in Forbes State Forest during hunting season?

Yes, but you must wear blaze orange between October and January. Hunting is permitted in designated zones—check DCNR maps to avoid active areas. Trails remain open, but noise and movement should be minimized.

How do I report trail damage or hazards?

Contact the DCNR’s Forbes State Forest office via their online feedback form or email. Include trail name, location, and photos if possible. Your report helps maintain safety for all visitors.

Conclusion

Hiking Forbes State Forest is more than a physical outing—it’s a deep engagement with one of Pennsylvania’s most vital natural landscapes. From the whisper of hemlock needles in the wind to the distant call of a black-throated green warbler, every step through this forest connects you to a living, breathing ecosystem shaped by time, resilience, and human stewardship.

By following the steps outlined in this guide—researching trails, preparing gear, respecting wildlife, and practicing Leave No Trace—you don’t just hike; you become a guardian of this wild space. The trails you walk were not created for convenience, but for connection: to the land, to history, and to the quiet majesty of nature untouched.

The challenges you face—the steep climbs, the sudden storms, the silent encounters with wildlife—are not obstacles to overcome, but invitations to grow. They teach patience, humility, and awareness. They remind you that nature does not bend to human schedules or expectations. It endures. And in its endurance, it offers us clarity.

As you plan your next journey into Forbes State Forest, remember: you are not merely a visitor. You are a participant in a centuries-old conversation between earth and human spirit. Walk gently. Listen deeply. Leave only footprints, and carry away only wonder.

The forest will be there—quiet, enduring, waiting—for your next return.