How to Hike Loyalsock State Forest

Loyalsock State Forest, nestled in the rugged, forested hills of north-central Pennsylvania, offers one of the most rewarding and least crowded hiking experiences in the Northeast. Spanning over 160,000 acres across Lycoming and Sullivan Counties, this expansive public land is home to ancient hemlock groves, cascading waterfalls, deep sandstone gorges, and the legendary Loyalsock Creek Trail — a 40-mile backcountry route often called the “Grand Canyon of Pennsylvania.” Unlike more popular parks, Loyalsock remains relatively untouched by mass tourism, preserving its wild character and offering hikers a true escape into nature. Whether you’re a seasoned backpacker seeking solitude or a weekend explorer looking to reconnect with the outdoors, mastering how to hike Loyalsock State Forest means understanding its terrain, respecting its ecology, and preparing for its challenges. This guide provides a comprehensive, step-by-step roadmap to safely and successfully navigate this pristine wilderness, ensuring your journey is as enriching as it is unforgettable.

Step-by-Step Guide

1. Research and Plan Your Route

Before setting foot on any trail in Loyalsock State Forest, thorough route planning is non-negotiable. Unlike urban parks with clear signage and frequent foot traffic, Loyalsock’s trails are often unmarked or minimally maintained, especially beyond the main corridor of the Loyalsock Creek Trail. Start by identifying your objective: Are you aiming for a day hike, a multi-day backpacking trip, or a scenic loop? The forest offers dozens of trail options, but the most popular and well-documented include:

• Loyalsock Creek Trail (LCT) – A 40-mile point-to-point trail running from State Game Lands 13 near Forksville to the southern boundary near the town of Loyalsock. This is the backbone of hiking in the forest.
• Whitewater Trail – A 6.5-mile loop off the LCT that ascends to the rim of Loyalsock Creek’s dramatic gorge and offers sweeping views.
• Shingle Mill Trail – A 5-mile loop near the town of Loyalsock, ideal for beginners and families, with access to a historic mill site.
• North Fork Trail – A lesser-known but stunning route following the North Fork of Loyalsock Creek, featuring cascades and boulder fields.

Use official resources like the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR) website to download topographic maps and trail descriptions. Google Earth and Gaia GPS are excellent digital tools for visualizing elevation changes and identifying water sources. Always print a physical map — GPS signals can fail in deep ravines and dense canopy.

2. Obtain Necessary Permits and Check Regulations

Loyalsock State Forest is public land managed by the DCNR, and no permit is required for day hiking. However, if you plan to camp overnight, you must follow specific rules. Dispersed camping is allowed throughout the forest, but only in designated areas at least 150 feet from any trail, road, or water source. Campfires are permitted only in established fire rings or on bare mineral soil — never on rock or near dry vegetation. No fires are allowed within 150 feet of the Loyalsock Creek Trail corridor during dry seasons (typically April–June), due to fire risk.

Additionally, while fishing in Loyalsock Creek does not require a permit for state forest land, you must hold a valid Pennsylvania fishing license if you intend to catch trout or other species. Hunting is also permitted in designated zones during season, so wearing blaze orange during fall months is strongly advised, even if you’re not hunting.

3. Prepare Your Gear for Remote Terrain

One of the most common mistakes hikers make is underestimating the remoteness of Loyalsock. Cell service is nonexistent in most areas. The nearest towns — Forksville, Loyalsock, or Montoursville — are 10–20 miles away by winding forest roads. Your gear must be self-sufficient.

Essential items include:

• Navigation tools: Topographic map (USGS 7.5’ series), compass, and a GPS device with preloaded offline maps.
• Water purification: Loyalsock Creek and its tributaries are pristine but contain giardia. Carry a filter (e.g., Sawyer Squeeze) or chemical treatment (iodine or chlorine dioxide).
• Weather-appropriate clothing: Temperatures can drop rapidly in the gorge. Pack moisture-wicking base layers, insulating mid-layers, and a waterproof shell. Even in summer, nights at 2,000+ feet can be chilly.
• Footwear: Sturdy hiking boots with ankle support are mandatory. Trails are rocky, root-choked, and often muddy. Trail runners are not recommended for multi-day trips.
• Emergency kit: Include a whistle, space blanket, first-aid supplies, fire starter, and a headlamp with extra batteries.
• Food: High-calorie, lightweight meals. Plan for 2,500–3,500 calories per day depending on elevation gain and pack weight.

For overnight trips, a lightweight tent or hammock with a tarp is ideal. Bear canisters are not required, but hanging food in a bear bag at least 10 feet off the ground and 4 feet from the trunk is mandatory. Do not store food in your tent.

4. Choose Your Trailhead and Access Points

Accessing Loyalsock State Forest requires navigating narrow, unpaved forest roads. The most commonly used trailheads are:

• Forksville Trailhead (LCT North End): Located off PA Route 87 near Forksville. Parking is available in a gravel lot. This is the most popular starting point for thru-hikers.
• State Game Lands 13 (SGL 13): Accessible via PA Route 154. Offers multiple entry points to the LCT and is ideal for shorter loops.
• Wyalusing State Park (LCT South End): Though technically outside the forest boundary, this park provides a convenient endpoint for thru-hikers and has restrooms, water, and a visitor center.
• Shingle Mill Trailhead: Accessed via PA Route 44 near Loyalsock. Parking is limited — arrive early on weekends.

Use GPS coordinates to pinpoint your trailhead. Road signs are sparse. Many access roads are gravel or dirt and may be impassable after heavy rain. High-clearance vehicles are recommended. If you’re driving a sedan, park at the nearest paved road and walk in.

5. Begin Your Hike with Proper Technique

Once on the trail, pacing and technique matter more than speed. The Loyalsock Creek Trail gains and loses over 6,000 feet of elevation in its 40-mile span. Steep ascents are common, especially between the 10-mile and 25-mile marks, where the trail climbs out of the gorge onto the Allegheny Plateau.

Use the “rest-step” technique on uphill sections: pause briefly with your back leg locked to relieve muscle fatigue. On descents, use trekking poles to reduce impact on your knees. Watch for loose shale and exposed roots — they’re common and can cause serious slips.

Stay on the marked trail. Cutting switchbacks accelerates erosion and damages sensitive root systems. In the gorge, the trail often hugs the cliffside — maintain a safe distance from the edge, especially after rain when rocks become slick.

6. Navigate Water Crossings and Gorge Sections

Loyalsock Creek is the defining feature of the forest. The trail crosses the creek multiple times — sometimes via natural log bridges, sometimes via rock hops. In spring and after heavy rain, these crossings can be dangerous.

Never attempt to cross if the water is above mid-calf or moving swiftly. Wait it out. If you must cross, unfasten your pack’s hip belt so you can shed it quickly if you fall. Use a trekking pole for balance and face upstream to reduce the force of the current against your body. Cross in a group if possible — link arms for stability.

One of the most iconic sections is the “Gorge of Death” between miles 18 and 22, where the trail clings to narrow ledges above the creek. This section requires full attention. Avoid hiking here after dark or in wet conditions. Many hikers choose to camp before or after this stretch to avoid rushing.

7. Camp Safely and Leave No Trace

Camping in Loyalsock is a privilege — and a responsibility. Follow Leave No Trace principles rigorously:

• Use established fire rings only. If none exist, build a small fire on mineral soil away from trees and roots.
• Dispose of human waste in a cathole 6–8 inches deep, at least 200 feet from water, trails, and campsites. Pack out toilet paper in a sealed bag.
• Wash dishes and yourself at least 200 feet from water sources. Use biodegradable soap sparingly.
• Never feed wildlife. Even chipmunks and deer can become aggressive if habituated to human food.
• Carry out everything you bring in — including food wrappers, fruit peels, and tea bags.

Choose your campsite wisely. Avoid flat areas near streams — these are flood zones. Look for elevated, well-drained ground with natural windbreaks. Many hikers prefer to camp near the “Boulder Field” at mile 16, where large flat stones provide ideal tent platforms.

8. Exit and Debrief

When you complete your hike, take a moment to reflect. Note any trail changes, hazards, or conditions you encountered. Report your experience to the DCNR via their online feedback form. This helps them maintain trails and respond to erosion or downed trees.

If you’re ending at Wyalusing State Park, use the restrooms and fill your water bottles before departing. If you started at Forksville, consider stopping at the Forksville General Store for a cold drink and a snack — it’s the last human contact for miles.

Finally, clean and dry your gear. Moisture left in boots or tents invites mold and mildew. Inspect your boots for worn soles — the rocky terrain of Loyalsock is brutal on footwear.

Best Practices

Travel in Small Groups

While hiking solo is possible in Loyalsock, it’s not recommended for beginners. The forest’s remoteness and complex terrain make it ideal for groups of two to four. Larger groups increase the risk of trail damage and make navigation more difficult. If you’re hiking with a partner, establish a system: one person leads, the other carries the map and checks the route. Always keep visual or verbal contact.

Time Your Hike for Optimal Conditions

Spring (April–May) brings wildflowers and rushing creeks but also muddy trails and high water. Summer (June–August) is hot and humid, with insects — especially black flies and mosquitoes — at peak activity. Fall (September–October) offers the best conditions: crisp air, stable weather, and vibrant foliage. Winter hiking is possible for experienced adventurers, but ice on rocks and frozen water crossings require crampons and extreme caution.

Avoid weekends in October — the fall colors draw more visitors than usual, and parking at popular trailheads fills early.

Respect the Ecosystem

Loyalsock is home to endangered species like the Indiana bat and the Eastern hellbender salamander. The forest’s old-growth hemlocks are threatened by the hemlock woolly adelgid, an invasive insect. Never move firewood — it spreads pests. Stick to designated trails to prevent trampling rare ferns and mosses. If you see signs of disease or unusual animal behavior, report it to the DCNR.

Hydrate and Fuel Strategically

Water sources are abundant, but not always reliable. Streams may dry up in late summer. Carry at least 3 liters per person per day. Use a hydration bladder for easy access, but supplement with water bottles for storage. Electrolyte tablets or salted nuts help prevent cramping on long ascents.

Know When to Turn Back

Weather in the Alleghenies changes rapidly. A clear morning can turn into a thunderstorm by noon. If you encounter lightning, fog, or sudden wind, seek shelter immediately. Do not continue if you’re lost, injured, or running low on water. Many rescues in Loyalsock occur because hikers pushed too far. It’s better to cut your hike short than risk your life.

Document Your Journey Ethically

Photography is encouraged, but avoid disturbing wildlife for the perfect shot. Never step off the trail to get a photo. Use a telephoto lens. Share your photos responsibly — avoid posting exact GPS coordinates of sensitive areas like hidden waterfalls or nesting sites. This prevents overcrowding and ecological damage.

Tools and Resources

Official DCNR Resources

The Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources provides the most accurate, up-to-date information:

• DCNR Loyalsock State Forest Page: https://www.dcnr.pa.gov/StateForests/FindAForest/Loyalsock/Pages/default.aspx
• Trail Maps and Brochures: Downloadable PDFs of the Loyalsock Creek Trail and other routes.
• Trail Condition Reports: Updated monthly by forest staff — check before you go.

Topographic Maps

Use USGS 7.5-minute quadrangle maps for precision:

• Forksville, PA (1994 edition)
• Loyalsock, PA (1995 edition)
• Wyalusing, PA (1993 edition)

These can be purchased in print from the USGS Store or downloaded as free GeoPDFs. Pair them with a compass and GPS app like Gaia GPS or AllTrails Pro for offline use.

Mobile Apps

While cell service is unreliable, these apps work offline:

• Gaia GPS: Offers detailed topographic layers, trail overlays, and offline map downloads.
• AllTrails Pro: User-submitted trail reviews and photos — helpful for spotting recent trail changes.
• Backcountry Navigator: Excellent for route recording and emergency location sharing.

Books and Guides

For deeper context:

• “Hiking the Loyalsock Creek Trail” by John K. Smith – A comprehensive guide with historical notes, camping spots, and water source locations.
• “Pennsylvania’s Wild Places” by William H. Lash – Explores the ecology and geology of the region.
• “The Appalachian Trail: A Guide to the Eastern Forests” by Susan E. Rabin – Offers comparative insights for hikers familiar with the AT.

Community Forums and Groups

Join the Loyalsock Hikers Facebook group or the Pennsylvania Trail Forum on Reddit. These communities share real-time updates on trail conditions, weather, and wildlife sightings. Many hikers post photos of recent downed trees or washed-out bridges — invaluable for planning.

Emergency and Safety Tools

Consider investing in:

• Garmin inReach Mini 2: Satellite communicator that allows two-way texting and SOS alerts without cell service.
• Personal Locator Beacon (PLB): For extreme backcountry trips — registered with NOAA, it triggers a rescue response.
• Whistle and Signal Mirror: Simple, lightweight, and effective for attracting attention.

Real Examples

Example 1: The Weekend Warrior – Day Hike on the Whitewater Trail

Emily, a 32-year-old teacher from Pittsburgh, wanted a challenging day hike without committing to a multi-day trip. She chose the Whitewater Trail loop, a 6.5-mile route that ascends from the Loyalsock Creek Trail to the rim of the gorge.

She started at 7 a.m. from the Forksville trailhead, hiked 3.5 miles up to the rim, and spent an hour watching the sunrise over the creek below. The trail was steep — 1,200 feet of elevation gain — but well-marked. She carried 2 liters of water, a light lunch, and a rain jacket. She returned by 3 p.m., exhausted but exhilarated.

Her key takeaways: “Wear gloves — the rock scrambles are rough on your hands. And bring extra socks. The trail crosses three wet gullies. I got soaked up to my knees and was miserable for the last mile.”

Example 2: The Thru-Hiker – 40-Mile Loyalsock Creek Trail in 3 Days

Mark, a 45-year-old retired firefighter from New Jersey, completed the full Loyalsock Creek Trail in three days with his 18-year-old son. They started at Forksville and ended at Wyalusing State Park.

Day 1: 14 miles to the Boulder Field campsite. They encountered a washed-out bridge near mile 9 and had to wade through thigh-deep water. Mark carried a rope to help his son cross.

Day 2: 16 miles through the gorge. They hiked in heavy rain and used waterproof bags to protect their gear. They camped near the “Cathedral Rock” overhang — a natural shelter.

Day 3: 10 miles to Wyalusing. They finished at 2 p.m., met by park staff who offered them coffee and a hot shower.

Mark’s advice: “This trail doesn’t forgive mistakes. Pack light, but pack smart. And never underestimate the power of a good map. We got lost once — for 45 minutes — because we trusted a faded trail marker. After that, we used our compass every 15 minutes.”

Example 3: The Solo Hiker – Winter Exploration on the North Fork Trail

Anna, a 28-year-old wildlife photographer, hiked the North Fork Trail in late December. She was prepared for ice, snow, and sub-freezing temperatures.

She wore insulated, waterproof boots, carried crampons, and used a thermos of hot tea. She camped at a snow-covered rock outcrop and photographed the frozen waterfalls at dawn. She carried a satellite communicator and checked in with a friend daily.

She encountered no one else on the trail. “It was the quietest place I’ve ever been,” she said. “The snow muffled everything. Even the creek sounded different — like a whisper.”

Her warning: “Don’t hike alone in winter unless you’ve trained for it. The trail becomes a maze of snowdrifts. I had to retrace my steps twice because I lost the path. I carried a GPS with a preloaded route — that saved me.”

FAQs

Is Loyalsock State Forest safe for beginners?

Yes — but only on designated beginner trails like the Shingle Mill Loop or the first 5 miles of the Loyalsock Creek Trail. The gorge and backcountry sections require experience with navigation, water crossings, and remote camping. Beginners should hike with a partner and avoid overnight trips until they’ve completed several day hikes.

Are dogs allowed on the trails?

Yes, dogs are permitted but must be leashed at all times. They are not allowed in designated wildlife protection zones. Always clean up after your pet. The forest is home to deer, bears, and other wildlife — uncontrolled dogs can cause stress or conflict.

Can I swim in Loyalsock Creek?

Swimming is permitted in many areas, but it’s not recommended. The water is cold year-round, and currents can be strong, especially after rain. Rocks are slippery, and there are no lifeguards. If you swim, do so only in shallow, calm pools and never alone.

Are there any guided tours available?

No official guided tours are offered by the DCNR. However, local outdoor clubs like the Pennsylvania Outdoor Leadership School occasionally organize group hikes. Check their calendar for seasonal events.

What’s the best time of year to see waterfalls?

Spring (April–May) is ideal. Snowmelt and seasonal rains create powerful cascades. The most impressive are the “Loyalsock Falls” near mile 12 and “Rattlesnake Falls” near mile 27. In summer, many waterfalls reduce to trickles.

Do I need bear spray?

Bears are present but rarely aggressive. Black bears are common, but they typically avoid humans. Bear spray is not required, but carrying it won’t hurt. More dangerous are ticks — Lyme disease is prevalent. Use permethrin-treated clothing and check for ticks daily.

Can I ride a mountain bike on the trails?

No. Loyalsock State Forest trails are designated for foot traffic only. Mountain biking is prohibited to protect the fragile ecosystem and prevent erosion. Violators risk fines.

What should I do if I get lost?

Stop. Stay calm. Do not wander. Use your map and compass to reorient. If you can’t find your way, stay put and use your whistle (three blasts = distress signal). Activate your satellite communicator if you have one. Rescuers are more likely to find you if you remain stationary.

Are there any fees to enter the forest?

No. Loyalsock State Forest is free to enter for day use and dispersed camping. There are no entrance fees, parking fees, or trail passes required.

Can I camp anywhere in the forest?

You may camp in any area not specifically posted as restricted, but you must follow Leave No Trace rules. Avoid camping within 150 feet of water sources, trails, or roads. Do not camp in meadows or near sensitive plant life. Always check for recent fire bans.

Conclusion

Hiking Loyalsock State Forest is more than a physical journey — it’s an immersion into one of Pennsylvania’s last wild frontiers. Its trails demand respect, its landscapes inspire awe, and its solitude offers a rare gift in today’s over-scheduled world. By following this guide — from route planning to Leave No Trace ethics — you’re not just preparing for a hike; you’re becoming a steward of a fragile, beautiful ecosystem.

Remember: the forest doesn’t need you to conquer it. It needs you to understand it. To tread lightly. To listen closely. To leave nothing behind but footprints and memories.

Whether you’re standing on the rim of the gorge at sunrise, listening to the creek tumble below, or warming your hands by a campfire under a sky thick with stars, you’ll realize why Loyalsock endures — not because it’s easy, but because it’s real. And that’s worth every step.